The American Civic War (1861-1865) was fought between the United States of America (USA), called the Union during this war, and the Confederate States of America (CSA), commonly known as Confederation. The main cause of the outbreak of the war, among many others, also of considerable importance, was the announcement of the Confederation's secession (secession) from the Union. Of course, both in the North and in the South, when the war broke out, the army began to be built. In the case of the Union's army, field artillery was a very important formation - it is worth adding that the federal troops had an advantage over the Confederation at the beginning of the war, if only because of the much better possibilities of producing cannons and howitzers, as well as larger officers specializing in this weapon. The basic and smallest organizational unit was a battery often consisting of six guns. The aim was for a single battery to have guns of the same caliber and type, and to be composed of similarly trained people. The crew of one gun was very often composed of 8-12 people. The captain was at the head of the battery. The so-called artillery brigades, often consisting of 5 batteries, or 30 guns. A colonel was at the head of such a brigade. On the battlefield, the main task of the Union artillery was to support the defense or attack of its own infantry. At the end of the Civil War, the Union's artillery consisted of a total of approximately 3,320 guns, of which more than half (approximately 1,700 guns) belonged to field artillery. One of the main models of the cannon used by the federal artillery was the so-called Napoleon, a 12-pound smoothbore front-loading cannon with a firing range of approximately 1,800 meters. It is worth adding, however, that during the Civil War, the Union artillery also used Parrotta rifled cannons.
