The StuG III (Sturmgeschutz III) was a German armored gun from the Second World War. The first prototypes of the vehicle were built in 1937, and serial production continued in the period 1940-1945, ending with the production of about 10,300 vehicles. The StuG III in the E version was powered by a single Maybach HL 120 TRM engine with 300 hp. It was armed (version E) with a 75mm short-barreled cannon. and 1 MG34 machine gun cal. 7.92 mm.
The StuG III was created as a result of an initiative undertaken by Erich von Manstein, who in a letter to General Beck in 1935 signaled the need to create assault artillery for the advancing infantry within the mechanized units of the Wehrmacht. Ultimately, the order to design a new vehicle was commissioned to Daimler-Benz, which in turn used the chassis of the PzKpfw III Ausf. B. Several versions of the StuG III gun were produced during series production. Chronologically, the first was the A version, armed with the 75mm Stuk 37 L / 24 gun and based on the chassis of the PzKpfw III Ausf tanks. F and G and produced from the beginning of 1940. Soon after, version B was created - the first one to be produced on a large scale, which differed only slightly from the version A. In 1941, version D, which had better armor and sights, entered the production. The E version was quickly created, which was the first to receive additional armament in the form of the MG34 machine gun. At the beginning of 1942, the StuG III underwent a major modification to become actually a tank destroyer by installing a long-barreled 75mm StuK 40 L / 48 gun. The designation of the car was also changed to StuG 40. In the period 1940-1945, the StuG III served on almost all fronts on which the German army fought. It turned out to be a very useful weapon, cheap to produce and, most importantly, effective. It is estimated that different versions of the StuG were responsible for the destruction of approximately 20,000 Soviet tanks and armored vehicles in 1941-1945.
The beginning of the development of German self-propelled artillery can be considered in the mid-1930s, when the concept of creating an assault gun (German: Sturmgeschütz - in short StuG ) intended to support the offensive activities of the German infantry. Very often the author of this idea is considered to be the later field marshal Erich von Manstein. The first prototypes of such vehicles were created in 1937, and when they entered mass production, they received the designation StuG III. They were used for the first time during the French campaign in 1940. In the course of this campaign, the Bison guns (sometimes referred to as Sturmpanzer I) were also used, i.e. the 150 mm sIG guns mounted on the Panzer I chassis. During the further part of World War II, the German army introduced more and more perfect self-propelled guns on a large scale. The armored and mechanized units were equipped with vehicles such as the Wespe or the very successful Hummel, which allowed for a significant improvement in the mobility of artillery in these units. The StuG III carts were also developed and the StuG IV cart was introduced to production. At the end of the war, a small number of Sturmtiger vehicles armed with a 380 mm rocket mortar appeared.
